What are common causes of acute confusion in elderly patients?

Acute confusion in elderly patients, often referred to as delirium, can arise from a variety of physiological and psychological factors. The chosen answer highlights infection, dehydration, and metabolic disturbances as common causes, all of which are particularly pertinent to the elderly population.

Infections, such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia, are prevalent in older individuals and can lead to sudden changes in cognitive function. Dehydration is another critical factor because the elderly are often at higher risk due to factors like less thirst perception or mobility issues that prevent them from getting enough fluids. Additionally, metabolic disturbances, including electrolyte imbalances or changes in blood sugar levels, can also contribute to acute confusion.

In considering the other response options, while they touch on relevant areas, they either lack the same degree of direct impact on acute confusion or represent factors that usually cause more chronic conditions rather than sudden cognitive changes. Sleep apnea and stress, for example, can lead to cognitive issues, but they are not as immediate in their effect as infections or metabolic imbalances. Neurological disorders and traumatic injuries, while significant causes of confusion, typically lead to more chronic states rather than acute changes, and medication side effects combined with environmental changes can contribute but are not as universally impactful in the same context.